Detailed Anatomical Study of the Brachial Plexus Variations and Clinical Implications
- RPIHEF NGO
- May 27
- 1 min read
Updated: Jul 7
Original Article, 2025, Volume -1, Issue -1, Page No 21-32
Dr. Nausiba Khatoon, Assistant Professor, Anatomy, Gulf Medical University, UAE (Corresponding Author)
Abstract
The brachial plexus, a complex network of nerves formed by the anterior rami of spinal nerves C5-T1, innervates the entire upper limb. Its intricate anatomy is crucial for motor and sensory function, yet significant anatomical variations are frequently observed, posing considerable challenges in clinical practice. This detailed anatomical study aimed to systematically investigate the prevalence and morphological characteristics of brachial plexus variations and elucidate their clinical implications. A comprehensive cadaveric dissection of 50 embalmed human specimens (100 brachial plexuses) was conducted. Meticulous attention was paid to the formation, divisions, cords, and terminal branches, documenting all observed deviations from the typical anatomical description. Our findings revealed a high incidence of variations, particularly concerning the contribution of C4 and T2, the formation of the posterior cord, and the branching patterns of terminal nerves such as the median and musculocutaneous nerves. Specific variations identified included pre-fixed and post-fixed plexuses, aberrant contributions to major nerves, and unusual communications between branches. These anatomical aberrations carry substantial clinical relevance, potentially leading to misdiagnosis of nerve injuries, complications during regional anesthesia (e.g., supraclavicular or infraclavicular blocks), and iatrogenic damage during surgical procedures involving the shoulder, axilla, or upper arm. Understanding these variations is paramount for surgeons, anesthesiologists, and neurologists to improve diagnostic accuracy, enhance patient safety during interventions, and optimize therapeutic outcomes for conditions affecting the upper limb. This study underscores the importance of individualized anatomical assessment in clinical practice.