Anatomical Variations of the Sciatic Nerve and Their Implications for Hip Arthroplasty.
- RPIHEF NGO
- May 27
- 1 min read
Updated: Jul 7
Original Article, 2025, Volume -1, Issue -1, Page No 1-9
Dr. Abhisekh Ghosh, IPGMER, Kolkata
Abstract:
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a highly successful procedure, yet sciatic nerve injury remains a rare but potentially devastating complication. While often attributed to surgical technique or limb lengthening, underlying anatomical variations of the sciatic nerve itself may significantly predispose patients to such injuries. The sciatic nerve, formed by the L4-S3 nerve roots, typically exits the pelvis below the piriformis muscle before descending into the thigh. However, numerous documented variations exist in its course and branching pattern, particularly in relation to the piriformis muscle and its level of bifurcation. These variations, such as the nerve passing through or above the piriformis, or a high division into its common peroneal and tibial components, can alter the nerve's vulnerability during posterior approaches to the hip. This research aims to systematically review and analyze the prevalence and clinical significance of sciatic nerve anatomical variations, specifically focusing on their implications for nerve injury during THA. By understanding these variations, surgeons can improve preoperative assessment, refine surgical techniques, and ultimately minimize the risk of iatrogenic nerve damage, leading to better patient outcomes and reduced postoperative complications.