Anatomical Variations of the Anterolateral Ligament of the Knee: A Cadaveric Study with Implications for Reconstructive Arthroscopic Surgery
- May 18
- 2 min read
Updated: May 27
https://doi.org/10.66715/ijcar/2026v2.i1.6675 | Original Research Paper | 2026 | Volume 2 | Issue 1 | Page 106-115
1) Prof. Dr. Kishwor Bhandari, Department of Anatomy, Dr.B.S.Kushwaha Institute of Medical Sciences, Kanpur.
2) Dr. P. Saravanan, Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, SAL Institute of Medical Sciences, Ahemedabad, Gujarat
Corresponding Author: -
Prof. Dr. Kishwor Bhandari,
Department of Anatomy,
Dr.B.S. Kushwaha Institute of Medical Sciences, Kanpur.
email address: kishworbhandari11@gmail.com
Mobile: 7272 035 026
Abstract
Background: The anterolateral ligament (ALL) of the knee plays a critical role in controlling internal tibial rotation and anterolateral stability. Despite its surgical relevance, significant variations persist regarding its precise morphological parameters. This study aimed to evaluate the anatomical variations, detection rates, and dimensions of the ALL in an Indian cadaveric sample to provide a reliable anatomical reference for arthroscopic reconstructions.
Methods: Dissection was performed on 40 formal-fixed adult cadaveric knee joints (24 right, 16 left). The presence of the ALL was recorded, and its origin, insertion, length, width, and thickness were measured using digital vernier calipers. Statistical correlations between ALL dimensions and femoral condyle width were assessed.
Results: The ALL was macroscopically identified as a distinct structured ligamentous band in 34 out of 40 knees (85.0%). In 73.5% of cases, the origin was posterior and proximal to the lateral epicondyle, while 26.5% originated directly from the epicondyle. The insertion was consistently positioned between Gerdy's tubercle and the fibular head. The mean length was 38.4 mm, mean width was 5.2 mm, and mean thickness was 1.8 mm. Significant variations were observed in bifurcated distal attachments in 14.7% of the specimens.
Conclusion: The anterolateral ligament exhibits a high prevalence but demonstrated notable variations in its structural morphology and dimensions within the studied population. Precision in identifying these specific anatomical landmarks is crucial for optimizing graft placement during anterolateral ligament reconstruction and combined anterior cruciate ligament procedures, ultimately mitigating rotatory instability and graft failure rates.